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Three Recent Lynchings Likely to Remind Congress Of Pending Legislation
But Proposals for Heavy Financial Penalty on
Counties Where Outbreaks Occur
Hits State's Rights' Theory
By CHARLES P. STEWART
Central Tress Staff Writer
WASHINGTON, Dec. 16—Congress, before which federal anti-lynching measures have been pending intermittently for a decade, began business this winter with three fresh lynchings near by Washington (one in neighboring Maryland, just before the session opened; the other two in not-far-distant West Virginia, just afterward) to remind the lawmakers that the matter still is unattended to.
It seems likely to be agitated considerably in the next few months, however.
Representatives of the National Equal Pvights association recently discussed it with President Hoover, who is said to be favorably to the repeatedly introduced Dyer bill, imposing a stiff financial penalty upon counties where lynchings occur, and legislative backing for the plan's adoption undoubtedly will be available in both congressional chambers.
DEMOCRATIC backing, of course, will be lacking, which, it is true, makes the bill's passage appear unlikely, with the present Jeffersonian majority in the house of representatives.
That thsre are strong arguments against it, on states' rights grounds, is indisputable.
Nevertheless, not a bad case can be made out for the contention , that states which expect their rights to be" respected should act more vigorously to prevent (or, at any rate, to punish) the outraging of national sentiment by such exhibtions of mob violence as the latest ones at Salisbury, Md., and Lewisburg, W. Va., not to mention many others
throughout Dixie in the last year.
* * •
THERE is no suggestion, to be sure, that the negro who was hanged and burned at Salisbury and the two who were strung up and riddled with bullets at Lewisburg were not killers.
Apparently it is unquestioned that Matt Williams, the Mary-lander, had shot his white employer to death, accusing the emv plpyer of underpaying him for his work; that Tom Jackson and George Banks, the West Virginia pair, had slain a couple of constables in a fight at a colored folks* dance.
Yet perhaps it is noteworthy that no offense against white womanhood was charged in either instance.
In fact, records of the National Equal Rights association (for whatever they may be worth) indicate that his charge has been made in connection with fewer than one-fourth of all lynchings in the last 40 years.
* * *
THE NUMBER of lynchings again is on the increase, too.
Last year's score was 21, or nearly twice as many as for any
previous twelvemonth save one (1926, with a total of 30) since 1923.
The assertion also is made that several of the victims were innocent.
Vigilantes in the old-time west were scrupulous to grant a trial to the prospective subject of a necktie party and really tried to be fair; there even were occasional acquittals. x
Scarcely needful to state, the formality of a hearing is an unknown preliminary to lynchings of today.
Of 1930 victims, at least, two, according to the Equal Rights association's showing, based on an inquiry by a group of southern investigators, undoubtedly were guiltless of any offense at all, with
11 others "possibly" so.
* * *
AS A REFLECTION on the
state authorities, the latest Maryland lynching appears to have been especially unpardonable, inasmuch as there were good reasons why they should have been on the alert.
Williams' shooting of his employer was the third crime in the same vicinity in which a black man had been involved within a fortnight, and race feeling was so acute that a lawyer sent by the Civil Liberties union to defend one of the accused negroes, having been publicly assaulted without interference by the police, had appealed for protection to Govern- . or Ritchie, who replied that local officialdom was able to maintain order and refused to act.
How far correct was his estimate of conditions of orderliness in that part of Maryland was demonstrated by the Salisbury lynching a few hours later. He embarrassingly had to curtail a visit he was paying ;to New York, to deliver a presidentially candi-datorial speech, in order to make an investigation.
If the investigation leads to anything in particular, it will not be quite so bad
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